A natural hazard caused by movement of tectonic plates (including volcanoes and earthquakes). Tectonic plate A rigid segment of the Earth's crust which can 'float' across the heavier, semimolten rock below. Tectonic Hazards – e.g. volcanoes, earthquakes, tsunamis Atmospheric Hazards – hurricanes and tornadoes Geomorphological Hazards – e.g. landslides, mudslides Tectonic Hazards Earthquakes. Natural hazards. A natural hazard is a threat of a naturally occurring event that will have a negative effect on people or the environment. Many natural hazards are interrelated, e.g. earthquakes can cause tsunamis and drought can lead directly to famine. If this threat becomes a serious reality then it becomes a disaster. 1. Introduction Tectonic hazards have to be distinguished from tectonic events. Hazards tend to refer to those events or items that pose a threat to humans and their lifestyle. Therefore, a tectonic hazard is one which involves tectonic processes being hazardous to humans. Tectonic hazards are hazard events caused by tectonic plates colliding into each other, moving against each other, moving apart or subduction between a less dense plate and a more dense plate. Examples of tectonic hazards include: Volcanoes - these occur when hot magma is forced to the Earth's surface through fissures and cracks in the Earth's crust. Copper, gold, silver lead and zinc are all metals developed from magma sources. These naturally-occurring ores are a positive result of tectonic hazards. Tectonic hazards provide the oil and natural gas that is used all around the world. As tectonic plates press against each other, the pressure not only forms mountains, it also forms oil deposits. Natural Hazards: Tectonic Hazards. The crust (oceanic and continental) and the upper mantle form a rigid shell at the Earth’s surface known as the lithosphere. It is broken into different fragments, which are called tectonic plates. The meeting of two plates is known as plate margin. -Hazard maps have been produced for many of the world's most dangerous volcanoes, therefore suggesting the likely areas to be affected. -They can be used in planning to restrict certain land uses or to identify which areas need to be evacuated when an eruption is about to happen. Complete the table to show two immediate and long term responses to a tectonic hazard. (4 marks) Figure 8 –The San Andreas Fault Immediate responses Long Term responses. 13. Using examples you have studied, contrast the immediate and long term responses to a tectonic hazard. What are the effects of tectonic hazards? There are two types of effects caused by tectonic hazards, these are primary and secondary effects. Primary effects are things that happen immediately as a result of a hazard. Secondary effects are things that happen in the hours, days and weeks after the initial hazard.
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